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Screening of carriage of group B (GBS) Streptococcus in pregnant women
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Johana
In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis, I first focus on the topic of genitourinary infections. I also mention infections that occur in men, then I deal mainly with infections of the genitourinary tract of a woman. I also mention sexually transmitted diseases. Then I go straight to the topic of my bachelor thesis, where I deal with Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria and its screening. The practical part is devoted to the adoption of methods that are used to determine the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae. The whole practical part was carried out in the microbiological laboratory SYNLAB s.r.o. in České Budějovice. The methods of common cultivation were used, cultivation that took place after multiplication of the pathogen in Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. If Streptococcus agalactiae was detected during cultivation, another test had to be carried out to ensure that this is indeed the pathogen. MALDI-TOF MS is the most frequent determinant, but latex agglutination, CAMP test or API 20 STREP biochemical test can also be used. During the research, 100 samples were processed, which were subjected to normal cultivation and then cultivation according to the recommended procedure, where the swab is incubated in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics for 24 hours. Of the 100 samples, the positivity was shown to us after the first cultivation in 14 cases, after multiplication in the broth, another 5 were revealed. From the obtained data and data from the last 3 years provided by the laboratory, I compiled statistics, which I further compared with nationwide data. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to get acquainted with the issue of genitourinary infections and the possibilities of their laboratory diagnosis. I performed the examination of a group of patients by bacteriological cultivation of vaginal swabs and further cultivation after multiplication in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. Subsequently, I compared the results of these two methods and compared the results of the laboratory with the frequency of positive findings with the nationwide data.
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Occurrence of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women
VETCHÁ, Sára
Streptococcus agalactiae is a human opportunistic commensal pathogen. The natural reservoir of this bacteria is the vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and nasopharynx. It induces a disease only in the compromised hosts, to whom it can cause a life-threatening infection. In the female body, Streptococcus agalactiae usually spreads from the gastrointestinal tract to the vaginal and birth canal area. The birth canal is where transmission and the resulting infection of a newborn can happen during delivery. The goal of the theoretical part was to introduce a matter of the disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and the possibilities of its laboratory diagnosis. This thesis presents information about Streptococcus agalactiae and its cultivation and diagnosis used for obtaining evidence about its presence, leading to antibiotics sensitivity determination. Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacteria from the group of streptococcus, hence the bacterial (prokaryotic) cell composition is described, and general information about the group of streptococcus is included. The main goal of the practical part was to carry out the screening and cultivation examination of the vaginal swab of pregnant women. In case of a positive result, to observe a different antibiotic resistance followed by processing the positive findings of laboratory samples. The laboratory allowed me to process 80 samples from women 35-37 weeks pregnant. I did a screening and cultivation examination and then I confirmed or denied the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in the sample using a latex agglutination or CAMP test. Out of 80 samples, 19 pregnant women were Streptococcus agalactiae positive, presenting 23,75 % of the total. I used a disc diffusion test method to prove an antibiotics sensitivity for positive samples. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information.
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Streptococcus agalactiae - antibiotic rezistence
Dvořáková, Andrea ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
Streptococcus agalactie is an important pathogen causing very dangerous illnesses, especially in newborns. The aim of this work was to find out how resistant this microbe is to ATB (erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim + sulfonamide, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin and linezolid). At first testing was conducted on all watched group and subsequently on pregnant women and other patients. After the experimental stage, results from the pregnant women were compared with results from other tested group. In years 2018-2019, 1619 strains from 1295 patients in ÚKM FNHK were isolated. Sensitivity to ATB was measured in 1355 samples from 1105 patients. Within the all watched group of patients, resistance to each ATB was detected as follows: erythromycin (37,17 %), chloramphenicol (2,36 %), clindamycin (31,96 %), trimethoprim + sulfonamide (3,99 %), nitrofurantoin (1,11 %), peniciline (0,22 %), tetracycline (73,28 %) and to vancomycin and linezolid (0,00 %) of isolates. The resistance in pregnant women was detected as follows: erythromycin (26,36 %), chloramphenicol (2,33 %), clindamycin (22,87 %), trimethoprim + sulfonamide (3,49 %), nitrofurantoin (0,45 %), peniciline (0,39 %) and to tetracykcline (74,42 %) of isolates. After comparing results of resistance from...
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Determination and diagnostics of beta-hemolytics streptococcus in clinical microbiology
VOŘÍŠKOVÁ, Martina
The genus of Streptococcus includes gram-positive catalase of negative coccus, which rank into pairs and chains and their colonies are also sometimes very small in enriched soils. Most of species are selectively anaerobic. This genus includes a large number of species with different significance for people ´s disorders, and also the species significant for veterinary medicine. Beta-hemolytic or pyogenic Streptococci important in human medicine include first of all streptococci of A and B group. Streptococcus pyogenes (A group) is the cause of either localised purulent infections, or invasive and toxic diseases, and also late consequences of these infections. The carrying of beta-hemolytic streptococci of B group (Streptococcus agalactiae) is significant especially in pregnant women because it can threaten the mother and the newborn as well. They are the most important causers of newborn meningitis and sepsis. The aim of the thesis is to find out information of determination and detection methods concerning beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is necessary to devote our attention to each streptococcus and determine its type by cultivation, eventually by further supplementary methods. The main role in diagnostics is played by classical cultivation in common (blood agar) or special enriched soils. Each microbiological laboratory chooses its own laboratory procedures. The use of cultivation for capture of beta-hemolytic streptococci and determination of their types by PYR test (for the proof of A group streptococci) and latex agglutination (for confirmation of other groups) seem to be the most convenient. CAMP-test is still the most frequently used method for the proof of group B streptococci. For exclusion of later consequences the assessment of anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) or antideoxyribonuclasis B (ADNB) in serum are often used. All beta-hemolytic streptococci must be regarded as important pathogens namely in whatever locality, that is why the knowledge of basic and special laboratory methods which lead to identification of particular types of these streptococci is very important for clinical microbiology and the treatment of patients.
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INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR DURING PREGNANCY
HRUBEŠOVÁ, Martina
The thesis Infection as a risk factor during pregnancy is divided into two parts {--} theoretical and practical {--} and has a character of a research study. The theoretical part deals with aspects of infections during pregnancy. The main attention is paid to the questions of pregnant women colonized with group B Streptococci (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) which may cause a large scale of infectious diseases in newborns, including the life threatening sepsis. This part of the thesis is divided into seven chapters. They provide brief information on the etiological agent, risk factors, clinical picture of the disease, current possibilities of the disease diagnostics. The present day system of the optimal procedure of screening to identify women colonized with GBS and the procedure of the intrapartal antibiotic prophylaxis are also mentioned in the theoretical part. The objective of the practical part is to find the percentage of newborn infants delivered by mothers colonized with GBS who are also colonized with GBS despite their mothers having been treated by the intrapart antibiotic prophylaxis. The hypothesis I assumes that the intrapart antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to women colonized with GBS more than 4 hours before delivery. The hypothesis II presumes that newborns of GBS positive mothers who had been administered the antibiotic prophylaxis at least 4 hours before delivery were not colonized with GBS. The quantitative research was used to verify or reject the hypotheses. It was carried out by the retrospective analysis of medical records of women who gave birth between 1 June 2006 and 8 August 2007 at the maternity hospital in České Budejovice and had been colonized with GBS. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the antibiotic prophylaxis carried out in the maternity hospital in České Budejovice and to introduce the conclusions into practice and training.
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